As GLP-1 obesity drugs such as Wegovy and Mounjaro gain global popularity, emerging research suggests these medications may affect the metabolic function of fat tissue beyond simple weight loss, drawing attention from the medical aesthetics community.
Studies indicate that prolonged stimulation of GLP-1 receptors in white fat and adipose stem cells within the dermis could impair cell proliferation, differentiation, and energy metabolism. This may lead to reduced energy utilization and overall metabolic efficiency in fat tissue over time.
Dr. Son Bo-deuri, head of the Adipose Stem Cell Center at 365mc Yeongdeungpo, explained: "Fat is not just stored energy; it is a vital organ that stores and supplies energy and regulates metabolism. Stem cells in fat tissue play a key role in blood sugar control and secretion of metabolism-activating hormones, maintaining energy balance."
He added: "GLP-1 drugs have been reported to alter glucose uptake patterns in fat stem cells and progenitor cells, leading to reduced intracellular energy production. This could temporarily lower the metabolic function of fat tissue."
The phenomenon known as "Ozempic Face" — accelerated facial aging during GLP-1 therapy — may be linked to these fat changes. A review in the Aesthetic Surgery Journal suggested that GLP-1 could reduce protective cytokine levels and impair cell proliferation and differentiation, potentially decreasing collagen production and altering facial muscle volume.
However, Dr. Son cautioned against viewing GLP-1 drugs as the sole cause of skin aging. "Reports indicate that GLP-1 drugs may reduce the lifespan and vitality of fat stem cells, inhibiting their ability to proliferate and differentiate. If energy-depleted stem cells die, secretion of regenerative substances decreases, leading to reduced skin regeneration and collagen loss. But rapid weight loss itself can also cause physical aging like sagging skin. The exact causal relationship requires further clinical validation."
For patients considering autologous fat grafting or adipose stem cell treatments, the impact of GLP-1 therapy is significant. Dr. Son noted: "The success of fat grafting depends on stem cells within the transplanted fat. After GLP-1 treatment, these cells may have reduced vitality, making it harder to achieve sufficient volume or maintain results. A recovery period after drug therapy is advisable before proceeding with such procedures."
He recommended that if both GLP-1 therapy and stem cell treatments are planned, harvesting healthy cells before drug-induced metabolic changes occur can maximize outcomes. For those already on GLP-1 drugs, a recovery period allowing the drug to be metabolized and fat tissue metabolism to stabilize is essential. The duration varies by individual and requires thorough consultation with a medical professional.
Source: Read the original report | Published: May 27, 2026